How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, but it can also affect adults. Diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can live a better life.
Interviewing the person as well as their family members may be a part of a diagnostic for ADHD. The doctor may also examine the school records of the past to determine if symptoms began as a child.
Symptoms
Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying well-organized from time to time, but for someone who has ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with school, work and even home life. To be able to identify the disorder, one must show signs of major impairment in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair the daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis doctors will talk to the patient regarding their symptoms and ask about their family history and medical conditions. They may also employ rating systems to gauge symptoms in children or adults. These types of questionnaires are typically constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and an impulsive nature.
For adults, doctors might request a conversation with a significant other or people who know the patient. This is not meant to challenge the patient's honesty but to gain insight into their behavior that isn't obtained through a questionnaire. You can also inquire about their childhood behavior and consult old school records to see whether the symptoms began prior to the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will perform physical examinations and tests on the lab to rule out other health conditions, such as thyroid issues or head injuries that may cause similar symptoms. The provider will also check the patient's list of medications. Certain medications for depression or high blood pressure, as well as other ailments may interact with stimulants, so the doctor will take these into account when suggesting treatments. This is why it's important for adults to talk to their primary care providers in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two settings (such as home, school and at work) and affect the functioning of the individual. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by another disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional uses various tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to family members or friends to find out how the symptoms affect them. They will also ask whether there are any other psychiatric disorders or physical conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild moderate, severe or even mild. They will also look into the patient's medical and familial history in order to determine if there is any root causes behind their condition for example, thyroid issues or head injuries.
In certain instances the examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or request the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities. These people often present differently than those who do not have these issues. For example, boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms and girls inattentive symptoms.
Many people with ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical study to test new treatments. This is a fantastic opportunity to continue research. However, participants should be aware that the main purpose of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge, not a guarantee of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect they have ADHD it is important to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Check with adults diagnosed with adhd to find out whether ADHD specialists are covered, and seek out referrals from your family doctor or other health care providers. Word-of-mouth recommendations are also a good alternative.
A doctor will inquire with the patient - or parents in the case of children - about their issues. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in a person's life for information including spouses and their families. Personal experience often reveals more than can be discovered from questionnaires.
An expert will also want to look over any documents that the individual may have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by the past of an individual. To be considered diagnosed, symptoms must have existed from the time of childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical exam is also conducted. It's also examined for any other medical issues that may be causing symptoms, for instance thyroid problems or seizures. The expert will often conduct a neurological examination, which tests for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, designed to test the ability and intelligence of a person, could be utilized too. A person could also be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. adults diagnosed with adhd can help an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The specialist will then determine the diagnosis and suggest treatment. Treatment plans usually comprise therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy may aid children and adults in learning healthy coping strategies and alter negative thinking patterns. This therapy is usually performed by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who is specialized in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medications, however it's not the only method to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of the two can be beneficial to teenagers, children and adults. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to live with the symptoms. They may also include psychoeducation, which is a form of education about ADHD and methods to manage it. They can involve teachers, family members, and other professionals.
It's important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional who has experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people who suffer from ADHD for recommendations or a mental healthcare provider you know. You can also do an online search. It's important to find a specialist familiar with your insurance.
The doctor will inquire with you or your child about the signs and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct a physical examination and check for any other health conditions that may trigger similar symptoms. They will look over your your child's medical history and family information, school records and other reports.
Finding out if you have ADHD in adults can be trickier because the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily geared towards diagnosing children. Your health care provider will interview you or your child about their symptoms, and may ask other people who spend a lot of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine, or other antidepressants. They work by boosting levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD have co-occurring disorders like depression or anxiety. This is why treatment should be based on therapy that targets these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy which teaches techniques such as time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also assist patients in managing their symptoms by making lifestyle changes. For instance an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthier diet is important as well. People suffering from ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar, and less fruits and vegetables. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease stress and help people feel more in charge of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better understand their challenges. A child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers or friends. Once a teacher realizes that this is not a personal issue or because of a lack of time, they can offer adjustments.
A professional doing an ADHD evaluation will ask questions that are geared towards the person's age, interview teachers and relatives and review medical records and check for comorbid conditions. For adults, school records might be useful in determining whether the ADHD symptoms began before age.
The specialist will also check for any hearing or vision issues with hearing or vision. They may also perform an examination of the blood to check for certain hormones, and other health issues that could cause symptoms similar to ADHD.